Suicidio y demencia: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis / Suicide and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCCIÓN: Analizar la posible relación entre demencia en el anciano y el posterior desarrollo de ideas, intentos y/o suicidios consumados. MÉTODOS: Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis. Criterios de selección: estudios que analizaran la relación entre demencia y suicidio. Estrategia de búsqueda: i) en PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, IME y LILACS hasta diciembre de 2018; ii) búsqueda manual de la bibliografía de artículos seleccionados; iii) contacto con principales autores. Revisión independiente por pares para la selección de artículos y extracción de datos según protocolo de registro, incluyendo la evaluación del riesgo de sesgos. Cálculo del índice del tamaño del efecto mediante razón de ventajas (RV) y su intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC 95%) (modelo de efectos aleatorios). La heterogeneidad se evaluó con forest plots, Q de Cochran e índice I2. Valoración del sesgo de publicación mediante funnel plots (método «trim-and-fill») y el test de Egger. El análisis de variables moderadoras se realizó mediante un modelo de metarregresión múltiple de efectos mixtos. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 37 estudios y 47 unidades básicas de estudio. Tamaño del efecto de la asociación de demencia con: ideación suicida RV=1,37 (IC 95%: 0,78-2,39); intento de suicidio: RV=2,24 (IC 95%: 1,01-4,97); y suicidio consumado: RV=1,28 (IC 95%: 0,77-2,14). Se descartó un posible sesgo de publicación. CONCLUSIONES: Se identifica una tendencia hacia la aparición de eventos suicidas, especialmente intento de suicidio en personas con demencia. Sería recomendable una mayor atención y cuidado tras un diagnóstico reciente de demencia, especialmente con adecuada valoración de comorbilidades, que pudieran influir en aparición y desenlace de eventos suicidas

INTRODUCTION: To analyse the possible relationship between dementia in the elderly and the subsequent development of suicide ideation, attempts and / or completed suicides. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Selection criteria: studies that analysed the relationship between dementia and suicide. Search strategy: i) in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, IME and Lilacs until December 2018; ii) manual search of the bibliography of selected articles; iii) contact with leading authors. Article selection and data extraction according to a predefined protocol, including bias risk assessment, were performed by independent peer reviewers. The effect size index was calculated using Odds Ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (random-effects model). Heterogeneity was evaluated with forest plots, Cochran's Q and I2 index. Assessment of publication bias using funnel plots ("trim-and-fill" method) and the Egger test. The analysis of moderating variables was performed using a multiple meta-regression under a mixed-effects model. RESULTS: 37 studies and 47 basic units of study were identified. Effect size of the association of dementia with: Suicidal Ideation OR = 1.37 (95% CI: .78-2.39); Suicide Attempt: OR = 2.24 (95% CI: 1.01-4.97); and Completed Suicide: OR = 1.28 (95% CI: .77-2.14). Possible publication bias was ruled out. CONCLUSIONS: A trend towards suicidal events is identified, especially suicide attempts in people with dementia. Greater attention and care are recommended after a recent diagnosis of dementia, especially with adequate assessment of comorbidities, which could influence the occurrence and outcome of suicidal events

Suicide and dementia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. / Suicidio y demencia: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis.

INTRODUCTION: To analyse the possible relationship between dementia in the elderly and the subsequent development of suicide ideation, attempts and / or completed suicides. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SELECTION CRITERIA: studies that analysed the relationship between dementia and suicide. SEARCH STRATEGY: i) in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, IME and Lilacs until December 2018; ii) manual search of the bibliography of selected articles; iii) contact with leading authors. Article selection and data extraction according to a predefined protocol, including bias risk assessment, were performed by independent peer reviewers. The effect size index was calculated using Odds Ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (random-effects model). Heterogeneity was evaluated with forest plots, Cochran's Q and I2 index. Assessment of publication bias using funnel plots ("trim-and-fill" method) and the Egger test. The analysis of moderating variables was performed using a multiple meta-regression under a mixed-effects model. RESULTS: 37 studies and 47 basic units of study were identified. Effect size of the association of dementia with: Suicidal Ideation OR = 1.37 (95% CI: .78-2.39); Suicide Attempt: OR = 2.24 (95% CI: 1.01-4.97); and Completed Suicide: OR = 1.28 (95% CI: .77-2.14). Possible publication bias was ruled out. CONCLUSIONS: A trend towards suicidal events is identified, especially suicide attempts in people with dementia. Greater attention and care are recommended after a recent diagnosis of dementia, especially with adequate assessment of comorbidities, which could influence the occurrence and outcome of suicidal events.

Hospitalizaciones y análisis económico en pacientes psicóticos con palmitato de paliperidona de larga duración / Hospitalizations and economic analysis in psychotic patients with paliperidone palmitate long-acting injection

Objetivo del estudio. Prevenir las hospitalizaciones en los trastornos psicóticos es un objetivo importante, por eso los antipsicóticos de larga duración son una buena opción debido a que aseguran un mayor control de la adherencia. Por otra parte, en el actual contexto económico, los estudios farmacoeconómicos son necesarios. Nosotros hemos estimado el efecto del palmitato de paliperidona de larga duración (PP-LAI) en la prevención y hemos calculado el coste económico en los 12 meses que preceden al inicio del tratamiento con PP-LAI y los 12 meses posteriores. Métodos. Estudio de imagen en espejo de 71 pacientes diagnosticados de trastorno psicótico y tratados con PP-LAI. En el primer análisis medimos a lo largo de un año: número de hospitalizaciones/año, número de hospitalizaciones en días, número de atenciones en Urgencias/año y si hay medicación antipsicótica asociada al tratamiento de larga duración. Después de esta fase, aplicamos la Ley de Tasas de la Generalitat Valenciana para el análisis económico y estimamos el gasto por hospitalización (5.640,41 Euros) y por urgencia hospitalaria (187,61 Euros). Resumen de los resultados. Después de un año de tratamiento con PP-LAI (dosis media = 130,65 mg/mes) obtuvimos mejores datos de las variables asistenciales: reducción del total de hospitalizaciones, 78,8% (p=0,009); acortamiento en los días de hospitalización, 89,4% (p=0,009); disminución en el número de asistencias en Urgencias, 79,1% (p=0,002); reducción en la proporción de antipsicóticos asociados al tratamiento de larga duración, 21% (p<0,0001); incremento de la monoterapia, 53,8% (p<0,0001). Además, después de 12 meses de tratamiento con PP-LAI obtuvimos una reducción en el gasto de los pacientes hospitalizados (ahorro de 175.766,54 Euros) y un incremento en el gasto de los antipsicóticos del 32% (equivalente a 151.126,92 Euros). Conclusiones. PP-LAI puede ser una terapia efectiva para el tratamiento de pacientes con trastornos psicóticos severos: mejora la estabilidad sintomática y puede prevenir las hospitalizaciones con un control sintomático coste-efectivo (AU)

Purpose of the study. Prevent hospitalizations in psychotic disorders is an important aim, so long-acting antipsychotic is a good option that can control better the correct adherence. Moreover, in the current economic context pharmacoeconomic studies are necessary. We estimate the effect in prevention of paliperidone palmitate long-acting injection (PP-LAI) and calculate the economic cost in the 12 months preceding the start of treatment with PP-LAI and 12 months later. Methods. Mirror image study of 71 outpatients diagnosed with psychotic disorders and treated with PP-LAI. In a first analysis, we measured along one year: number of hospitalizations/year, number of hospitalization in days, number of emergency assists/year and if there is antipsychotics associated to long-acting treatment. After this phase, we applied Fees Act of Valencia for economic analysis and estimate of the cost per hospitalization (Euros 5,640.41) and hospital emergency (Euros 187.61). Summary of results. fter one year of treatment with PP-LAI (mean dose=130.65mg/month), we obtained greater numbers in assistance variables: total hospitalizations decrease, 78.8% (P=.009); shortening in hospitalization days, 89.4% (P=.009); abridgement of number of emergency assists, 79.1% (P=.002); decrease of rate of antipsychotics associated to long-acting treatment, 21% (P<.0001); increase in monotherapy, 53.8% (P<.0001). Therefore, after 12 months of treatment with PP-LAI we obtained a reduction in inpatient spending (savings of Euros 175,766.54) and increased spending on antipsychotics 32% (equivalent to Euros 151,126.92). Conclusions. PP-LAI can be an effective therapy for the treatment of patients with severe psychotic disorders: improves symptomatic stability and can prevent hospitalizations with cost-effective symptom control (AU)

Hospitalizations and economic analysis in psychotic patients with paliperidone palmitate long-acting injection. / Hospitalizaciones y análisis económico en pacientes psicóticos con palmitato de paliperidona de larga duración.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Prevent hospitalizations in psychotic disorders is an important aim, so long-acting antipsychotic is a good option that can control better the correct adherence. Moreover, in the current economic context pharmacoeconomic studies are necessary. We estimate the effect in prevention of paliperidone palmitate long-acting injection (PP-LAI) and calculate the economic cost in the 12 months preceding the start of treatment with PP-LAI and 12 months later. METHODS: Mirror image study of 71 outpatients diagnosed with psychotic disorders and treated with PP-LAI. In a first analysis, we measured along one year: number of hospitalizations/year, number of hospitalization in days, number of emergency assists/year and if there is antipsychotics associated to long-acting treatment. After this phase, we applied Fees Act of Valencia for economic analysis and estimate of the cost per hospitalization (€ 5,640.41) and hospital emergency (€ 187.61). SUMMARY OF RESULTS: After one year of treatment with PP-LAI (mean dose=130.65mg/month), we obtained greater numbers in assistance variables: total hospitalizations decrease, 78.8% (P=.009); shortening in hospitalization days, 89.4% (P=.009); abridgement of number of emergency assists, 79.1% (P=.002); decrease of rate of antipsychotics associated to long-acting treatment, 21% (P<.0001); increase in monotherapy, 53.8% (P<.0001). Therefore, after 12 months of treatment with PP-LAI we obtained a reduction in inpatient spending (savings of € 175,766.54) and increased spending on antipsychotics 32% (equivalent to € 151,126.92). CONCLUSIONS: PP-LAI can be an effective therapy for the treatment of patients with severe psychotic disorders: improves symptomatic stability and can prevent hospitalizations with cost-effective symptom control.